Monday, April 16, 2018

Increasing Women’s Market Share at the Top


How do we cultivate ambitious, leadership-oriented dietitians of the future?

By Katharine Rug

Temperatures warm and flowers bloom, there is no doubt that spring has arrived in St. Louis. The change in temperatures and vegetation mark the beginning of a new season, as well as a signal that the dietetic internship is coming to a close. Just as the bees buzz with excitement for spring, many interns dream of entering into a field they love and paying bills with the compensation they receive. Saint Louis University dietetic interns joined with other local internships on March 26th for “career day.” We received instruction on resume development, interviewing, and even some words of wisdom from professionals in the field. Questions were posed, questions were answered, but leaving career day I felt as if one day could not possibly be enough to equip young professionals with the tools to navigate a saturated job market.

Nonetheless I pondered the words of wisdom we received. Words shared included; job satisfaction above compensation,get your foot in the door, be persistent, and my personal favorite “be fearless.” I thought about the term fearless and the related character attributes of confidence, risk taking, and at times a willingness to “fly by the seat of your pants.” Like a good dietetic intern, I took the inspiration of the day and dove into the research. Some of the questions I want to answer through this post include: What does the employment marketplace look like for women, especially at the senior-executive level management sectors? What factors influence women’s aspirations to become leaders? Are there gender differences and or perceived gender differences that add additional challenges for women entering the c-suite? Finally, tying all these factors together, what areas of professional development can the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics focus on to increase the propensity for dietitians to assume executive leadership roles?


What does the labor marketplace look like for women, especially at the senior and executive management levels?

According to the Center for American Progress women are responsible for earning 60% of undergraduate and master’s degrees, 47% of law degrees and 48% of medical degrees. In totality women compromise 47% of the U.S. labor force and 49% of the college-educated workforce. Though women are now steady stakeholders of the employment and collegiate marketplaces, only 25% of women are executive- or senior-level officials and managers, 20% are board-members, and most importantly only 6% of CEOs are women.

If my fellow interns assigned me a superlative it would state  “person most likely to quote a recent NPR article, show, or podcast and/or person most likely to bring up campaign finance issues in a public setting,” but nevertheless the point is that in a recent NPR series of Freakanomics Radio titled The Secret Life of CEOs, host Stephen Dunbar explored what it takes to be a CEO of a Fortune 500 company. One particular expert titled After the Glass Ceiling, a Glass Cliff examined the phenomenon that occurs when the 5-6% of women actually do become CEOs. This phenomena is referred to as the Glass Cliff, meaning female CEOs are significantly more likely to be given the job if the ship is sinking (After the Glass Ceiling, a Glass Cliff). The episode concluded that women in leadership are subjected to greater critique from shareholders, frequent challenges to their authority, as well as less praise for saving the ship from total destruction. Psychologists and CEOs featured in the episode point to the natural tendency for women to be risk averse, lack self-confidence, and the fact that women are held to significantly higher standards as compared to their male counterparts as reasoning to why women do not rise to the top of the employment pyramid. Several female CEOs, including the likes of Pepsico CEO Indra Nooyi and Ex-CEO for Yahoo, Carol Burtz, also pointed to the “old boys club” infrastructure of middle and upper management and the blockade it often puts in place for the elevation of female leaders.

What factors influence women’s aspirations to become leaders?

A 2017 report by Egon Zehnder titled Leaders & Daughters: Cultivating the Next Generation identified that 74% of young female respondents aspired to reach executive level leadership. Of the greatest influencers for professional development, women ranked mothers as one of the key components of success, as well as the influence and support of fathers and husbands. This relationship between mothers and daughters also appears to be strengthening in the younger generation of respondents. Additionally, this study examined the role of mentorship as a provision of support to women. 55% of women reported having a senior mentor or manager acting as an advocate for their professional growth instilled a sense of confidence. Though providing maternal figures is not currently part of the Academy’s member benefits, providing platforms for mentorship, as well as advocating for work-life balance for women seeking leadership and family-life has the potential to impact current and future dietitians.

Are there gender differences and or perceived gender differences that add additional challenges for women entering the c-suite?

If you weren’t aware, there are significant gender discrepancies in risk taking behaviors, as well as confidence ratings between men and women. Men are significantly more likely to take part in risk-related behaviors in the domains of health/safety, financial, recreational and ethical decision making as compared to females (Harris, Jenkins,& Glaser, 2006). Along with being risk averse, a recent Harvard study demonstrated that women are less confident than men in their ability to answer questions accurately and women are also less likely to provide answers that strongly agree or disagree (Sarsons & Xu, 2015). In this case, acknowledgment is power and helping women to understand these potential challenges (whether innate or socially constructed) can equip women with the tools to propel themselves forward into the executive levels that they desire.


What areas of professional development can the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and Dietetic Internships focus on to increase the propensity for dietitians to assume executive leadership roles?

1.       Increase student awareness of the Academy’s mentoring program. The Academy offers students and professionals with the opportunity to network and gain a mentor/mentee relationship by matching individuals based on area of practice, interests, and aspirations.
2.       Utilize the Academy’s Diversity Mentoring Toolkit. Did you know that of the 100,000 RDs/RDNs in the United States, 76% are white, 11% are unreported or prefer not to disclose, and 9% are individuals of color? It’s 2018, increasing racial diversity is good for our profession, it’s great for our patients, and it’s what we need to move forward.
3.       Think outside of clinicals. Though dietetic internships are a combination of community, food service, and clinical rotations the largest emphasis always seems to fall on clinical nutrition. Perhaps it is the allure of the white coat or the fact that we spend a lot of time committing ourselves to clinical practice, but the world of leadership and dietetics is much broader than hospital walls. Providing dietetic interns with the opportunity to see what the profession looks like in executive leadership roles could provide young professionals with inspiration to create a path to the C-suite.
4.       Leadership skills are not developed through PowerPoint presentations. Academia has a propensity to utilize class presentations as a means to develop “leadership skills.” I am a firm believer in the use of such presentations to increase an individual’s comfort in front of an audience, but true leadership skills require the development of critical thinking, confidence, and risk taking behaviors (most often under pressure). Therefore….
5.       Role playing isn’t just for practicing patient interactions. Role playing future employment conversations such as goal setting, self-advocacy for increase responsibility, and salary negotiations are just a few scenarios that could be worked through with dietetic interns or young professionals seeking advancement in their field.

As a final point to ponder, I would like to take a minute to acknowledge that this fight for leadership has been long fought by the women that have come before me. Many women have endured bias, harassment, disrespect, and much more. While the fight continues, I would also like to put a final spotlight on women of color. Women of color share the smallest portion of leadership roles in our employment marketplace, despite numerous studies pointing to the importance and benefits of both gender and racial diversity in the workforce. As we march forward together, let us continue the movement towards the top, making sure to advocate for all women and call out discrimination in all forms. I love this profession and I believe that the capabilities of the women in this field are endless. To that end, I believe that a profession comprised of 95% female members should work tirelessly to insure that women are able to elevate themselves to the level of leadership they desire.

References

EgonZehnder (2017). Leaders & Daughters Global Survey 2017

Jenkins, M., Harris, C., & Glaser, D. (2006). Gender Differences in Risk Assessment: Why do women take fewer risks than men?. Judgement and Decision Making 1(1). 

Sarsons, H.,& Xu, G. (2015) Confidence Men? Gender and Confidence: Evidence among Top Economists.


Infographics & Photos

3 Barriers: Center for Creative Leadership

Breakdown of RDs & RDNs by Race: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Commission of Dietetic Registration

We Can Do It: http://www.alinaanjum.com/2017/08/16/an-inferiority-complex/

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